Air-to-air missile launcher which gives missile good separation attitude is an important mechanism of aircraft weapon system, it has a direct impact on combat capabilities of fighters. This paper summarized development process and present status of air-to-air missile launcher, focused on the theoretical research hotspot of the current mainstream launch mode of air-to-air missile such as guide rail, store ejection and embedded ejection , and pointed out that the high mach number launching, high overload launching, rolling launching, multidisciplinary coupling research of launching, ground ejection experiment technology considering pneumatic are still in initial stages, they are the focus of theoretical research in the future. Compared the two present classical embedded ejection launcher of stealth fighter, analyzed the key technology, technology advantages and disadvantages of them. In the end, technology development directions of air-air missile launcher was pointed out.