Runway incursions have become an important factor that threaten the safe operation of aviation. Based on the thoughts of system engineering, main factors causing runway incursion incidents and their associated relationships were analyzed and a runway incursion risk assessment index system is established from three aspects of airports, air traffic control, and airlines; The traditional Analytic Network Process is improved by triangular fuzzy numbers, and a research model for runway incursion risk assessment is established based on this; Through verification, the main factors affecting the runway incursion risk are obtained. The results show that the method is feasible and effective, which can reflect the relationship between risk factors and reduce the influence of subjective judgment on the index weight, and help to develop effective measures to prevent runway incursions.