Effectiveness evaluation of maintenance support system is one of the most important measures in the fine and standardized management of military aircraft. A scientific effectiveness evaluation of maintenance support system is the foundation of fine protection and the guarantee of improving the fighting capacity. Targeted at the issue of the maintenance support system effectiveness evaluation of the military aircraft, the thesis firstly summarized effectiveness evaluation systems of maintenance support system, and a effectiveness evaluation model was proposed based on PSO-ELM. Finally, the feasibility of the method was verified through analysis, which can provide reference for the effectiveness evaluation of maintenance support of military aircraft.