The aerodynamic heating effect of the aircraft during supersonic flight has a great impact on the structural strength and thermal protection design. The aerodynamic thermal environment in the real state needs to consider the coupling of the external flow field and the structure and the influence of the boundary conditions of the inner wall surface. The S-A turbulence model is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equation. The coupling of the flow field and the solid wall is used to realize the coupled numerical analysis of the external flow field and the structural field. The coupling numerical study of the supersonic flow aerodynamic heating of three different airfoils is carried out, and the aerodynamic thermal effects of the inner wall surface of the airfoil under different thermal boundary conditions are compared. The results show that different airfoils have aerodynamic thermal effects similar to aerodynamic forces. The boundary condition of the inner wall considering convective heat transfer is the closest to reality; considering the fuel tank of the wing is full, the heat flux at the leading edge of the 3D wing can be up to 4200w/m2.