In this paper, the topology optimization method based on SINH interpolation model in structural mechanics is applied in the design process of heat conduction structure, and a new mathematical model of topology optimization of heat conduction structure is established. By comparing the two-dimensional and three-dimensional heat conduction examples with the SIMP model and the RAMP model, it is concluded that the SINH interpolation model used in this paper is more accurate than the SIMP interpolation model, and has fewer iteration steps than the RAMP interpolation model. Therefore, the model established in this paper can better solve the topology optimization design problem of heat conduction structure.