The obstacle dataset is a kind of aeronautical information dataset based on the AIXM specification proposed by ICAO under the Aviation Information Management (AIM) system. The query of the obstacle dataset will directly affect the airport clearance assessment and flight procedure design. Based on the analysis of the temporal and spatial attributes of the obstacle dataset, this paper proposes a temporal and spatial-based query method for the obstacle dataset using the spatio-temporal data model and the AIXM specification to solve the query problem of the obstacle dataset. To verify the feasibility and accuracy of the query method, an obstacle query and visualization system is constructed, and random experiments and example applications are designed to validate the method. The validation results show that according to the technique, the obstacles that impact on the airport clearance and flight procedure design can be extracted, and the flight procedure designers" situation awareness of the airport obstacle distribution can be enhanced.