The aircraft structures combat survivability is one of the critical factors, which affect the integration combat efficiency of aircraft. The efficient design of aircraft structures survivability is of great significance to improve the combat ability, decrease the expenses in service, and ensure the well combat readiness of aircraft. The paper first organized the design factors of aircraft structures combat survivability, based on the connotation of Survivability and the design requirement of structures survivability for aircraft. The design guidelines of aircraft structures combat survivability are discussed. Also, it gives the design and analysis methods of aircraft structures survivability, under the effects of explosions—overpressure field and gust field，which are the two different aspects of blast wave，and the analysis example is presented, finally. The results show that the design factors of aircraft structures combat survivability are similar to the damage tolerance design, and the design process of damage tolerance could be used in structures combat survivability design. The fuselage panel ,Leading Edge, moveable surface and cover, which are sensitive to overpressure of blast wave, could be designed to high structures survivability by configuration optimization.