Aiming at the problems of inaccurate crack segmentation and difficult detection under complex background in the process of aircraft structure X-ray image evaluation, an intelligent evaluation model ELAN-Seg for X-ray crack images of aircraft structures is proposed based on efficient layer aggregation network. The backbone network of the model is stacked by the efficient layer aggregation network. The low-level and high-level features extracted from the backbone network are enhanced by using SPPCSPC spatial pyramid and ASPP spatial pyramid respectively, so as to realize multi-level and multi-scale feature extraction of input features. The attention mechanism is embedded after the enhanced feature extraction, and the low-level and high-level features after the enhanced feature extraction are fused, so as to realize the intelligent segmentation of the crack area of the X-ray image. The model was verified by X-ray images obtained from aircraft strength test and field operation process, and the crack leakage rate was less than 3.8%, indicating that the method has engineering applicability.