A quality risk identification and assessment method for aircraft manufacturing and maintenance based on FMEA is applied to analyze the potential failure modes and their causes of aircraft in manufacturing and maintenance, evaluate these failure modes, and formulate recommended measures for important failure modes to reduce or avoid the occurrence of failures. This paper presents a set of mapping rules for the application of DFMEA analysis results in risk identification and assessment of manufacturing and maintenance quality. The analysis scope is extended from the design end to the use and maintenance of aircraft. Through the combination of the above methods and measures, the technology realizes the analysis and evaluation of the potential failure mode, failure cause, Severity, recommended measure effect, measure coverage and repeatability in the manufacturing and maintenance process starting from the design stage, which can more scientifically and comprehensively analyze, evaluate and deal with the quality risk of aircraft manufacturing and maintenance.