The long landing distance from 50 ft to touchdown is an over-limit event frequently occurring during the landing phase and also significantly increase the risk of landing accidents. The study on the impacts of geographical environmental factors of the over-limit event can provide references for airport site selection and flight quality evaluation. Based on the flight QAR (Quick Access Record) data, topographic data and climate data of the airports, global and local correlation analysis were adopted to identify the main factors influencing the over-limit event. The regression model between the event frequency and elevation, fluctuation, air temperature was established, based on the geographical weighted regression model. According to the regression coefficients, the impact modes of these factors were divided into five categories using K-means method, so as to explore the spatial pattern and mechanism of geographical environmental factors on the over-limit event. The results show that elevation, fluctuation, air pressure and air temperature have a significant impact on the frequency of the "long landing distance" over-limit event. There is an obvious spatial differentiation of the impact of geographical environment factors. The spatial distribution of airports under the same impact mode shows clustering.